{"id":763,"date":"2016-08-27T19:26:00","date_gmt":"2016-08-27T16:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/?p=763"},"modified":"2021-07-19T11:27:20","modified_gmt":"2021-07-19T08:27:20","slug":"cig-sutun-dogrudan-halka-arzi-sokak-sutculugunun-zaferi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/cig-sutun-dogrudan-halka-arzi-sokak-sutculugunun-zaferi\/","title":{"rendered":"Direct Supply of Raw Milk to Public: Victory of Street Milk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prof.Dr.Barbaros \u00d6zer<\/em><\/p>\n

Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Ziraat Fak\u00fcltesi S\u00fct Teknolojisi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/em><\/p>\n

G\u0131da Tar\u0131m ve Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (GTHB), “K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Miktarlardaki \u00c7i\u011f S\u00fct\u00fcn Do\u011frudan Arz\u0131na Dair Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi<\/em>” g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Taslak y\u00f6netmelik ilk bak\u0131\u015fta kontroll\u00fc ko\u015fullar ve denetim alt\u0131nda \u00fcretilen \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn halka do\u011frudan sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden kula\u011fa ho\u015f gelmektedir. Ancak, \u00e7ok uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r GTHB’nin denetim, s\u00fct \u00fcreticilerinin de kontroll\u00fc ko\u015fullar\u0131 sa\u011flama konusundaki yetersizli\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011frudan sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle kontrols\u00fcz bir eyleme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7i\u011f s\u00fct, do\u011fal nitelikleri nedeniyle insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zarar verebilecek mikroorganizmalar\u0131n kolayl\u0131kla bula\u015fabilece\u011fi ve geli\u015febilece\u011fi hassas bir g\u0131dad\u0131r. \u00c7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn mikrobiyolojik kalite \u00f6zelliklerinin korunmas\u0131 hayvan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, sa\u011f\u0131m ve sa\u011f\u0131m sonras\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131n \u00e7ok ciddi bir bi\u00e7imde kontrol alt\u0131nda tutulmas\u0131 ile k\u0131smen m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilmektedir. \u00dclkemizde \u00e7i\u011f inek s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn ortalama mikroorganizma y\u00fck\u00fc geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclke ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00fczerindedir. 14 \u015eubat 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk kez yay\u0131mlanan \u00c7i\u011f ve Is\u0131l \u0130\u015flem G\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f S\u00fctler tebli\u011finde toplam canl\u0131 bakteri say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n izleyen 5 y\u0131l i\u00e7indeDolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu tebli\u011f tasla\u011f\u0131 kontrols\u00fcz \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011frudan yerel perakendeciye ve\/veya t\u00fcketiciye sat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f sahiplerinin temel arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131 i) \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn ast\u0131m, ekzema ve s\u00fct alerjisi gibi hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu nitelik ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131, ii) i\u015flem g\u00f6ren s\u00fct\u00fcn besin de\u011ferinin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve iii) k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticinin b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00fct sanayi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda elinin g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011fi \u015feklinde s\u0131ralanabilmektedir. \u0130lk iki maddede \u015f\u00fcphesiz k\u0131smi hakl\u0131l\u0131k pay\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.S\u00fct teknolojisi uzmanlar\u0131 s\u00fct\u00fcn g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011finin en \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ko\u015fulu ile besin de\u011ferinin olabildi\u011fince az zarar g\u00f6recek \u015fekilde i\u015flenmesi konusunda duyarl\u0131 kamuoyu ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7erisindedir. Bununla birlikte; gerek \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011fal nitelikleri ve sa\u011f\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131 gerekse GTHB’nin t\u00fcm iyi niyetine kar\u015f\u0131n denetim konusundaki yetersizli\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lan \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit etmeyece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek fazlas\u0131yla iyimserlik olacakt\u0131r. S\u00fct teknolojisinin 100 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan geli\u015fimi incelendi\u011finde g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla s\u00fct\u00fcn kaynat\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan s\u00fcrecin termizasyon, mikrofiltrasyon ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k\/k\u0131sa s\u00fcre past\u00f6rizasyon uygulamalar\u0131na kadar evrildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. T\u00fcm bu teknolojik \u00e7abalara makine ve ekipman g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve hijyenik tasar\u0131m ilkelerinin yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da eklendi\u011finde g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flayarak \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcn besin de\u011ferinin olabildi\u011fince y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yo\u011fun \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi ve bunun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u015far\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130lerleyen y\u0131llarda; \u00f6z denetim\/yasal denetim, \u0131s\u0131ya alternatif teknolojilerin s\u00fct teknolojisi \u00f6zelinde yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131\/geli\u015ftirilmesi ve hayvan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konular\u0131nda sa\u011flanacak ilerlemeler ile g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f ve daha az \u015fiddette teknolojik i\u015flem g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f s\u00fct elde etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilecektir. Bu noktada as\u0131l tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken konular, \u00fclkemiz s\u00fct \u00fcreticilerinin ve end\u00fcstrisinin teknolojisi kullanma d\u00fczeyinin halen neden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu, s\u00fct i\u015fletmelerinin neden halen<\/p>\n

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\u00c7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn halka do\u011frudan sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen \u00e7evrelerce ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc arg\u00fcman olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ift\u00e7inin b\u00fcy\u00fck sanayi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda korunmas\u0131 ise pop\u00fclist bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Hastal\u0131ktan ari sertifikas\u0131na sahip \u00e7iftliklerin ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gereken nitelikler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bunun bir iki s\u00fct hayvan\u0131 olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticiler taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilemeyecek kadar y\u00fcksek mali y\u00fckler getirece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kooperatif ve benzeri \u00f6rg\u00fctler kanal\u0131 ile \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn pazarlanmas\u0131 durumunda da zaten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcretici \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc yap\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hak kayb\u0131 ya\u015famayacakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu tebli\u011fin yasalla\u015fmas\u0131 ile sokak s\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn de yasalla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ortadad\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011frudan sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f sahipleri s\u0131kl\u0131kla s\u00fct end\u00fcstrisinin geli\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00fclkeleri \u00f6rnek vermektedir. ABD’deki uygulamalara bakacak olursak, eyalet meclislerinin bu konuda karar alma yetkisine sahip oldu\u011fu ve 36 eyalette \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011frudan halka sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yasak oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (Bkz<\/em>. \u00c7izelge 1). 11 eyalette serbest 3 eyalette ise k\u0131smen (limitli) serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lan \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn son t\u00fcketiciye sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 belirli hijyenik ve mikrobiyolojik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015fmaktad\u0131r. ABD’de \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct \u00fcreten i\u015fletmelerin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fclkemiz ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcndedir. Ayr\u0131ca, periyodik denetimler ile \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct \u00fcretimi s\u0131k\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011frudan sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Washington eyaletinde \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn elde edildi\u011fi \u00e7iftliklerde sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n yapld\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131ldan 12 ay geriye gidildi\u011finde Malta hummas\u0131, brusella ve t\u00fcberkuloz vakas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, toplam mezofilik bakteri ve koliform bakteri say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131yla < 20000\/mL ve < 10\/mL olmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. California eyaletinde toplam mezofilik bakteri say\u0131s\u0131 < 15000\/mL, koliform bakteri say\u0131s\u0131 ise < 10\/mL \u015fart\u0131 aranmaktad\u0131r. Utah eyaletinde \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn patojen bakteri i\u00e7ermemesi \u015fart\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu eyalette her alt\u0131 ayda bir s\u00fct hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k kontrollerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 mevcuttur. New Mexico eyaletinde \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn A s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131nda (grade) olmas\u0131 ve \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00fct i\u015fletmesinde perakende doldurulmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. South Carolina eyaletinde ise hayvan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrollerinin 3 ayda bir yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

ABD’de \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011frudan t\u00fcketiciye sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakan eyaletlerde ko\u015fullar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131nda \u00e7ok da serbest ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir eylem olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli bir denetim k\u0131skac\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

AB’de ise bu konuda yasal bir ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k bulunmamakla birlikte \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct \u00fcretimine dair hijyen kurallar\u0131 Annex II Section IX toRegulation (EC) No 853\/2004 of theEuropeanParliament’de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015ftir. AB \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011frudan sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile ilgili bir “iyi uygulama” protokol\u00fc yay\u0131mlamam\u0131\u015f ve konuyu \u00fclke \u00f6zel uygulamalar\u0131na havale etmi\u015ftir. AB’nin ABD’den daha farkl\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sergiledi\u011fi ve baz\u0131 AB \u00fcyesi \u00fclkelerin \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011frudan t\u00fcketicilere sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; Fransa, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k ve \u0130spanya’da 24 saat eri\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131k \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct dolum makineleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunun di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde de (\u0130talya, Slovenya, Avusturya, \u0130svi\u00e7re, Hollanda gibi) yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 beklenmektedir. Ancak, bu \u00fclkelerin tamam\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fct i\u015fletmecili\u011finin ve end\u00fcstrisinin geli\u015fti\u011fi \u00fclkeler oldu\u011fu, \u00f6ncelikle \u00f6z denetim ve yasal denetim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yerle\u015fti\u011fi, \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi risklerinin en aza indirilecek \u015fekilde \u00fcretildi\u011fi \u00fclkeler oldu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00fclkemizde %40-50 seviyesinde olan denetlenebilen \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct miktar\u0131n\u0131n AB \u00fclke ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n %97 oldu\u011fu (%3’l\u00fck k\u0131s\u0131m ise \u00e7iftlik d\u00fczeyinde t\u00fcketilmektedir!!) unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Ek olarak, AB \u00fclkelerinde \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn \u0131s\u0131ya alternatif mikrofiltrasyon uygulamas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7irilmesi ve b\u00f6ylelikle bakteri y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn hafifletilmesi yayg\u0131n bir uygulamad\u0131r (ki bu uygulama bilgimiz dahilinde \u00e7iftlik d\u00fczeyinde \u00fclkemizde mevcut de\u011fildir). \u0130ngiltere, Galler ve Kuzey \u0130rlanda’da 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda 570 olan do\u011frudan \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct pazarlayan \u00e7iftlik say\u0131s\u0131 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda 100’e d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca bu \u00fclkelerde \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kantitatif risk analizi ve de\u011ferlendirmesi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu bir uygulamad\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00c7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011frudan t\u00fcketilmesi mevcut ortalama mikroorganizma y\u00fck\u00fc ve \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi riski ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00c7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fc ev ko\u015fullar\u0131nda kaynatarak t\u00fcketmeyi te\u015fvik etmek hem sokak s\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yasal hale getirecek hem de s\u00fct\u00fcn besin de\u011ferini \u00e7ok azaltacakt\u0131r. End\u00fcstriyel s\u00fct i\u015fleme uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n sak\u0131ncalar\u0131na dair g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler bilimsel y\u00f6ntemlerle elde edilen veriler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmay\u0131p spek\u00fclatif ve medyatik tart\u0131\u015fma zeminlerinde ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 besin de\u011ferinin korunmas\u0131 temelinde ele alan yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ikna edici olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeyiz.<\/p>\n

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K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck s\u00fct \u00fcreticilerinin korunmas\u0131 konusunda yukar\u0131da da de\u011finildi\u011fi gibi \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc bir yap\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde olan \u00fcreticiler ve b\u00fcy\u00fck kapital sahibi \u00fcreticiler bu tebli\u011fin uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 konumunda olacakt\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve bireysel s\u00fct \u00fcreticilerinin mevcut ko\u015fullar\u0131 yerine getirmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmemektedir.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn ve s\u00fct \u00fcreten \u00e7iftliklerin denetiminden sorumlu olan GTHB 4000-5000 dolay\u0131nda g\u0131da denetmeni ile y\u0131lda ortalama 650.000-700.000 i\u015fletmeyi\/son t\u00fcketim yerini denetlemekle yetkilidir. Bu iki rakam aras\u0131ndaki uyumsuzluk denetimin etkin olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak; \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011frudan halka sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yasalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fclkemiz \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct \u00fcretim ko\u015fullar\u0131, hayvan hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ile m\u00fccadele ve denetim yetersizli\u011fi ile g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda son derece sak\u0131ncal\u0131 bir karard\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\n

\u00c7izelge 1. <\/strong>ABD’de eyaletler baz\u0131nda \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011frudan sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeler<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n\u00c7i\u011f s\u00fct sat\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\nKo\u015fullar<\/strong><\/td>\nYasa<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Washington<\/td>\nYasal<\/p>\n

(cowshares de yasal)<\/td>\n

Son y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Malta hummas\u0131, brusella ve t\u00fcberk\u00fcloz vakas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyecek.<\/p>\n

Etikette a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ve belirgin olarak belirtilecek<\/p>\n

Ayl\u0131k perakende sat\u0131\u015f testleri:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Bakteri say\u0131s\u0131 < 20000\/mL,<\/li>\n
  • Koliform< 10\/mL;<\/li>\n
  • Somatik h\u00fccre<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
SB 5648<\/p>\n

3 inek, 9 ke\u00e7i ve 9 koyun alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7iftliklerde \u00e7iftlik d\u00fczeyinde perakende sat\u0131\u015f izni<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Oregon<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n3 inek, 9 ke\u00e7i ve 9 koyun alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7iftliklerde standartlara uyma zorunlulu\u011fu yok<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7iftlikler \u00e7iftlik d\u00fczeyinde \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct satabilir<\/p>\n

Etikette belirgin bir ifade yer almal\u0131d\u0131r ve sat\u0131\u015f yerinde ayr\u0131 pazarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/td>\n

HB 2222<\/p>\n

Do\u011frudan t\u00fcketiciye perakende sat\u0131\u015f izni<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

California<\/td>\nYasal<\/td>\nEtikette a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmelidir<\/p>\n
    \n
  • Bakteri say\u0131s\u0131 < 15000\/mL,<\/li>\n
  • Koliform< 10\/mL;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
CA A 2505<\/p>\n

\u0130htiya\u00e7 fazlas\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 hayvandan sa\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u00fct\u00fcn sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n izni<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Montana<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nHB 574<\/p>\n

15’den az ine\u011fi olan \u00e7iftliklerde \u00e7iftlik d\u00fczeyinde sat\u0131\u015f k\u0131smen yasal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Nevada<\/td>\nYasal<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  • Bakteri say\u0131s\u0131 < 10000\/mL,<\/li>\n
  • Koliform< 10\/mL;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Idaho<\/td>\nYasal<\/p>\n

(cowshares de yasal)<\/td>\n

\n
    \n
  • Bakteri say\u0131s\u0131 < 15000\/mL,<\/li>\n
  • Koliform< 25\/mL;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
HB 431<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Utah<\/td>\nS\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

(cowshare yasak!)<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/td>\n

Sat\u0131\u015f yeri \u00e7iftli\u011fe ait olmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n
    \n
  • S\u0131f\u0131r patojen<\/li>\n
  • Bakteri say\u0131s\u0131 < 20000\/mL,<\/li>\n
  • Koliform< 10\/mL;<\/li>\n
  • Her alt\u0131 ayda bir hayvan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol\u00fc \u015fart\u0131 mevcut<\/li>\n
  • Etikette \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmeli<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
SJR 20<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Arizona<\/td>\nYasal<\/td>\nEtikette \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmeli ve perakende s\u00fctten ayr\u0131 sat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n

Sat\u0131\u015fa ba\u015flanmadan \u00f6nce busella ve t\u00fcberk\u00fcloz testleri yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve her 12 ayda bir tekrar edilmelidir<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Wyoming<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nSF 112<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Colorado<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New Mexico<\/td>\nYasal<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  • Bakteri say\u0131s\u0131 < 20000\/mL,<\/li>\n
  • Koliform< 50\/mL;<\/li>\n
  • Grade A stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde olmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/li>\n
  • Sat\u0131\u015fa ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce testler tamamlanmal\u0131 ve her 12 ayda bir tekrar edilmelidir<\/li>\n
  • \u00c7iftlikte \u015fi\u015felenmelidir<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Etikette \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmeli ve perakende s\u00fctten ayr\u0131 sat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/td>\n

SB 286<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
North Dakota<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
South Dakota<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00c7iftlikte sat\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7iftlikten t\u00fcketiciye nakil serbest<\/td>\nS 126<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nebraska<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00c7iftlikte sat\u0131\u015f serbest<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kansas<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00c7iftlikte sat\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullu serbest<\/td>\nSB 146<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oklahoma<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00c7iftlikte sat\u0131\u015f serbest<\/td>\nHB 2595<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Texas<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00c7iftlikte ve fuarlarda sat\u0131\u015f serbest<\/td>\nHB 46<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Minnesota<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\nBelirli ko\u015fullarda \u00e7iftlikte sat\u0131\u015f serbest<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

HF 225\/ SF 147<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iowa<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nS 2306<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Missouri<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00c7iftlikte sat\u0131\u015f serbest<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Arkansas<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\nAyda 500 galona kadar s\u00fct \u00fcreten \u00e7iftliklerde \u00e7iftlikten sat\u0131\u015f serbest<\/td>\nHB 1536<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lousiana<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nH 247<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Wisconsin<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\nKo\u015fullu ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak \u00e7iftlikten direkt sat\u0131\u015f serbest<\/td>\nA 287<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ilinois<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\nKo\u015fullu ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak \u00e7iftlikten direkt sat\u0131\u015f serbest<\/td>\nS 3157<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tennessee<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/p>\n

(cowshare yasal)<\/td>\n

<\/td>\nHB 75\/ SB 237<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Missisisppi<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n9’dan az ke\u00e7i varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan \u00e7iftliklerde \u00e7i\u011f ke\u00e7i s\u00fct\u00fc sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 serbest<\/td>\nS 2765<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Alabama<\/td>\nYasal<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kentucky<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\nDoktor \u00f6nerisi ile \u00e7i\u011f ke\u00e7i s\u00fct\u00fc sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131labiliyor<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Indiana<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0130nsan t\u00fcketimi ama\u00e7l\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f her ko\u015fulda yasak<\/td>\nSB 513<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Michigan<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nH 5336<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ohio<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
West Virginia<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nH 4273<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Virginia<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
North Carolina<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\nEtikette belirtmek ve sadece hayvan besleme ama\u00e7l\u0131 serbest<\/td>\nHB 792<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
South Carolina<\/td>\nS\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131<\/td>\n\u00c7i\u011f s\u00fct oldu\u011fu etikette a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmelidir<\/p>\n

\u00c7iftlik sat\u0131\u015fa ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce yasal kontrollerden ge\u00e7melidir ve 3 ayda bir kontroller tekrarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Bakteri say\u0131s\u0131 < 10000\/mL,<\/li>\n
  • Koliform< 10\/mL;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Georgia<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00c7i\u011f s\u00fct peyniri ve hayvan besleme ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7iftlik d\u00fczeyinde serbest<\/td>\nGA H 718<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Florida<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Alaska<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New York<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00c7iftlikte sat\u0131\u015f serbest<\/p>\n
    \n
  • Bakteri say\u0131s\u0131 < 30000\/mL,<\/li>\n
  • 3 ayda bir patojen testleri yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
AB 6461<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New Hampshire<\/td>\nYasal<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  • Bakteri say\u0131s\u0131 < 20000\/mL,<\/li>\n
  • Koliform< 10\/mL;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
HB 1382<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maine<\/td>\nYasal<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  • Bakteri say\u0131s\u0131 < 50000\/mL,<\/li>\n
  • Koliform< 10\/mL;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
LD 1278<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Massachusetts<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00c7iftlikte sat\u0131\u015f serbest<\/p>\n
    \n
  • Bakteri say\u0131s\u0131 < 20000\/mL,<\/li>\n
  • Koliform< 10\/mL;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
HB 3857<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Connecticut<\/td>\nYasal<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New Jersey<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nA 543<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pennsylvania<\/td>\nYasal<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  • Y\u0131lda bir kez inekler brusella ve t\u00fcberk\u00fcloz testinden ge\u00e7meli<\/li>\n
  • Bakteri say\u0131s\u0131 < 20000\/mL,<\/li>\n
  • Koliform< 10\/mL;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maryland<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nH 3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rhode Island<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\nDoktor re\u00e7etesi ile \u00e7i\u011f ke\u00e7i s\u00fct\u00fc sat\u0131labilir<\/td>\nSB 2224<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vermont<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00c7iftlikte t\u00fcketici \u015fi\u015fesini doldurabilir<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

SB 70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Delaware<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hawai<\/strong><\/td>\nYasal de\u011fil<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nHB 1987\/SB 2562<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prof.Dr.Barbaros \u00d6zer Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Ziraat Fak\u00fcltesi S\u00fct Teknolojisi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc G\u0131da Tar\u0131m ve Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (GTHB), “K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Miktarlardaki \u00c7i\u011f S\u00fct\u00fcn Do\u011frudan Arz\u0131na Dair Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi” g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Taslak y\u00f6netmelik ilk bak\u0131\u015fta kontroll\u00fc ko\u015fullar ve denetim alt\u0131nda \u00fcretilen \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\u00fcn halka do\u011frudan sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden kula\u011fa ho\u015f gelmektedir. Ancak, \u00e7ok uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r GTHB’nin denetim, s\u00fct \u00fcreticilerinin de kontroll\u00fc ko\u015fullar\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[27],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/763"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=763"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/763\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3165,"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/763\/revisions\/3165"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=763"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=763"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=763"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}