{"id":1811,"date":"2022-03-23T16:26:32","date_gmt":"2022-03-23T13:26:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/?p=1811"},"modified":"2022-03-23T16:49:39","modified_gmt":"2022-03-23T13:49:39","slug":"food-additives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/food-additives\/","title":{"rendered":"Food Additives"},"content":{"rendered":"<div   class=\"togglecontainer  av-minimal-toggle toggle_close_all  hasCurrentStyle avia-builder-el-0  avia-builder-el-no-sibling \" data-currentstyle='color:#000000; border-color:#000000; background-color:#ef4d28; '>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-1\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-1\">G\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi nedir?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-1\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>G\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri; un, tuz, \u015feker, et gibi bir g\u0131dan\u0131n karakteristik bile\u015feni olmayan ancak g\u0131dan\u0131n sofram\u0131za gelene kadar ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi i\u015flemlerin herhangi bir a\u015famas\u0131nda teknolojik gereklilik olarak g\u0131dalara eklenen maddelerdir.\u00a0 \u00d6rnek vermek gerekirse, hamur kabartama tozu veya karbonat kullanmadan kek yapamay\u0131z. Bu durumda kabartma tozu ya da karbonat g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesidir. Enginar\u0131n esmerle\u015fmemesi i\u00e7in limon tuzu kullan\u0131r\u0131z, bu durumda limon tuzu bir g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesidir.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri bir ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in g\u0131daya bilerek eklenen ve kendisinin ya da yan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin, do\u011frudan ya da dolayl\u0131 olarak o g\u0131dan\u0131n bile\u015feni olmas\u0131 beklenen maddelerdir.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-2\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-2\">G\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 hangi tarihlerde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-2\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>G\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri eski \u00e7a\u011flardan beri g\u0131dalarda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi kullan\u0131m\u0131 M\u00d6 2500\u2019e kadar uzanmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi olarak kabul edilmeseler de; tuz, baharat, duman, sirke g\u0131dalarda kullan\u0131lan ilk katk\u0131 maddeleri olarak de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-3\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-3\">G\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri hangi ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131l\u0131r? Kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131 gerekli midir<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-3\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>\u00dcretilen g\u0131dan\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re, \u00a0g\u00fcvenli ve kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc g\u0131da \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131 gereklidir. Bu bak\u0131\u015fla katk\u0131 maddesi kullan\u0131m\u0131na gerek duyulmadan \u00fcretilen g\u0131dalar da vard\u0131r. Yo\u011furt, past\u00f6rize s\u00fct, bal, tereya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 katk\u0131 maddesi kullan\u0131m\u0131 gerekmeyen g\u0131dalara \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir. G\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerinin kullan\u0131m ama\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlidir. Bunlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc birka\u00e7 temel ba\u015fl\u0131kta \u00f6zetlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>G\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 (\u00d6rn: Patojen (hastal\u0131k etmeni) bakteri geli\u015fmesini ve toksin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyerek g\u0131da zehirlenme riskinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131)<\/li>\n<li>G\u0131dalar\u0131n muhafaza edilmesi (\u00d6rn: K\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bozulmay\u0131 \u00f6nleyerek g\u0131da israf\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye destek olunmas\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u0131dalar\u0131n \u00fcretilmedikleri y\u00f6relerde de g\u00fcvenle ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131)<\/li>\n<li>G\u0131dada istenen kalitenin\/yap\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, korunmas\u0131 ve iyile\u015ftirilmesi (\u00d6rn: Kabarm\u0131\u015f kekler, ya\u011f ve su faz\u0131 birbirine homojen bi\u00e7imde kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f mayonezler, topaklanmayan tuz gibi)<\/li>\n<li>Fonksiyonel g\u0131da geli\u015ftirilmesi (\u00d6rn: Diyabetik ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck enerjili g\u0131da \u00fcretilmesi, gluten intolerans\u0131 olan ki\u015filere uygun g\u0131da \u00fcretilmesi gibi)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-4\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-4\">G\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri g\u00fcvenli midir? Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fczerine olumsuz etkileri olabilir mi? <span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-4\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>G\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri, y\u0131llar s\u00fcren kapsaml\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik testleri (toksisite testleri) sonucunda, e\u011fer kullan\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131nda zarars\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 kan\u0131tlanabilirse kullan\u0131mlar\u0131na izin verilen maddelerdir.<\/p>\n<p>Yap\u0131lan uzun soluklu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonucunda her bir g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi i\u00e7in, \u00f6nce deney hayvanlar\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir yan etki g\u00f6stermeyen doz tespit edilir (NOAEL).<\/p>\n<p>Ard\u0131ndan bu miktar bir g\u00fcvenlik fakt\u00f6r\u00fcne b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek (bu fakt\u00f6r genellikle 100 olarak al\u0131n\u0131r ancak yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ula\u015f\u0131lan sonu\u00e7lara g\u00f6re 1000\u2019e kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilir veya 100\u2019den daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olabilir), insanlar i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli doz tespit edilir (ADI De\u011feri [Kabul Edilebilir G\u00fcnl\u00fck Al\u0131m Miktar\u0131 (mg\/kg v\u00fccut a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131]. \u00a0ADI de\u011feri, insanlar\u0131n bir g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesini \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu her g\u00fcn t\u00fcketse dahi sa\u011fl\u0131k riski olu\u015fturmayacak miktar\u0131 olarak kabul edilir. ADI de\u011feri, insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak t\u00fcm g\u0131dalardan ald\u0131klar\u0131 madde miktar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak belirlenir.<\/p>\n<p>G\u0131da maddelerinde kullan\u0131labilecek g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerinin miktar\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131 ise; o g\u0131dada teknolojik olarak kullan\u0131m gereklili\u011fi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yine o g\u0131dan\u0131n beslenme modelimizdeki a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak belirlenir. G\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerinin g\u0131dalarda bulunabilece\u011fi maksimum miktarlar mg\/kg \u00fcr\u00fcn veya mg\/l \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak verilir. \u00dcr\u00fcn i\u00e7in maksimum g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi miktar\u0131 belirlenirken, o g\u0131dan\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u00fcketim miktar\u0131 da en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu y\u00f6nleri ile g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri, belirlenen limitler d\u00e2hilinde kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131 durumunda g\u0131da kimyasallar\u0131 i\u00e7inde en g\u00fcvenilir gruptur.<\/p>\n<p>G\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri ile ilgili ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in GGD G\u0131da Katk\u0131 Maddeleri Bilimsel Komite Raporu\u2019na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/13_beslenme_diyetetik_9.pdf\">t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z<\/a><\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-5\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-5\">\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n veya kimi rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 olanlar\u0131n g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi kullan\u0131larak \u00fcretilmi\u015f g\u0131dalar\u0131 t\u00fcketmeleri zararl\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-5\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>\u00d6ncelikle 0-3 ya\u015f grubu bebek ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n g\u0131dalar\u0131na ait kurallar\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6zel oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir. Bu ya\u015f grubu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n g\u0131dalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilecek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc girdi i\u00e7in (g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri de dahil) ve muhtemel riskler i\u00e7in (kimyasal bula\u015f\u0131\u015f\u0131, tar\u0131m ilac\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 vb) \u00e7ok \u00f6zel kurallar geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu gruba y\u00f6nelik mamalarda, devam mamalar\u0131nda ve ek g\u0131dalarda katk\u0131 maddesi kullan\u0131m\u0131 son derece kat\u0131 kurallarla ve \u00e7ok k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 d\u00fczeyde belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>G\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerinin \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde kullan\u0131mlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kurallar geli\u015ftirilirken; bu \u00fcr\u00fcnleri bebek ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n, kimi sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunu olan bireylerin ve ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n da t\u00fcketece\u011fi dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r. T\u00fcm bu de\u011ferlendirmeler sonucunda g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri ile ilgili sorun ya\u015fama olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan gruplar i\u00e7in etiket \u00fczerine uyar\u0131lar yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu getirilmektedir.\u00a0 A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00f6rnek olarak, iki farkl\u0131 g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi i\u00e7in etiket \u00fczerinde bulunmas\u0131 gereken uyar\u0131 c\u00fcmleleri verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSunset yellow (E 110): \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n aktivite ve dikkatleri \u00fczerine olumsuz etkileri bulunabilir.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAspartam\/Aspartam-ases\u00fclfam tuzu: \u201cfenilalanin kayna\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erir\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcketiciler etiket \u00fczerinde yer alan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bilgi ve uyar\u0131y\u0131 dikkatle incelemeli, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f ve t\u00fcketimlerinde bu uyar\u0131lara uygun davranmal\u0131d\u0131r!<\/p>\n<p>Bu kurala uyuldu\u011funda, g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerinin \u00e7ocuklara ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunu olan ki\u015filere olumsuz bir etkisi olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-6\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-6\">ADI de\u011ferini kim belirlemektedir? Bu de\u011ferin do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan nas\u0131l emin olabiliriz? <span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-6\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>D\u00fcnyada k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nde b\u00f6lgesel d\u00fczeyde g\u0131dalarla ilgili risk de\u011ferlendirmesi yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. G\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerine ait ADI de\u011ferinin belirlenmesi bir risk de\u011ferlendirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucudur.<\/p>\n<p>G\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerinin risk de\u011ferlendirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (FAO) ve D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WHO) alt\u0131nda, G\u0131da Katk\u0131 Maddeleri \u00dczerine \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan Ortak Uzmanlar Komitesi (JECFA) y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nde ise g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri ile ilgili risk de\u011ferlendirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 Avrupa G\u0131da G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Otoritesi (EFSA) y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu kurumlar\u0131n ortak \u00f6zellikleri; konu ile ilgili t\u00fcm meslek gruplar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcnyelerinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmalar\u0131; ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, bilimsel kurumlar olmalar\u0131 ve \u00fcyelerinin menfaat \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunmamalar\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Her iki kurumun birbirleriyle de hiyerar\u015fik ili\u015fkileri bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u015feffaf ve izlenebilir bi\u00e7imde y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ilgili konular baz\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131 dahil etmektedirler.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcm bunlar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; kurumsal, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve multidisipliner \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonucu belirlenen ADI de\u011feri g\u00fcvenilirdir. Belirlenen bu de\u011fer \u00fclkemiz de dahil olmak \u00fczere, t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerce referans kabul edilerek benimsenir.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-7\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-7\">G\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerinin g\u0131dalarda bulunabilece\u011fi miktarlara hangi kurum veya kurulu\u015f karar verir ve denetler?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-7\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>G\u0131da maddelerinde kullan\u0131labilecek g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerin miktar\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131 ADI de\u011feri dikkate al\u0131narak; o g\u0131dada teknolojik olarak kullan\u0131m gereklili\u011fi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve yine o g\u0131dan\u0131n beslenme modelimizdeki a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenir. Bu g\u00f6rev \u00fclkelerde g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011finden sorumlu bakanl\u0131klardad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011finden sorumlu olan bakanl\u0131k Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Tar\u0131m Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u0131dalarda hangi g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerinin, hangi ko\u015fullarda kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na dair y\u00f6netmelik yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bakanl\u0131k, b\u00fcnyesinde istihdam etti\u011fi kontrol g\u00f6revlileri marifetiyle habersiz denetimler yaparak kurallara uyulup uyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n denetimini yapmaktad\u0131r. Al\u0131nan kontrol numuneleri ise yetkili laboratuvarlarda analiz ettirilmektedir. Uygunsuzluk durumunda hangi cezalar\u0131n verilece\u011fi ise kanunla belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-8\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-8\">ABD ve Avrupa\u2019da kullan\u0131m\u0131 yasak olan katk\u0131 maddelerinin \u00fclkemizde kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yasal oldu\u011fu do\u011fru mudur? <span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-8\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>Hay\u0131r. G\u0131da maddelerinin her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha yo\u011fun bir bi\u00e7imde d\u0131\u015f ticarete konu olmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 sonucunda \u00fclkelerdeki mevzuat farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 ticareti zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 fark edilerek uluslararas\u0131 g\u0131da mevzuat\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WHO) ve G\u0131da Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (FAO) taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Kodeks Alimentarius Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. \u00dclkemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00f6lgesel d\u00fczeyde Avrupa Birli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. Yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemelere \u00fclkelerin temsilcileri de kat\u0131lmakta, al\u0131nan kararlara uyulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>ADI de\u011ferlerinin uluslararas\u0131 boyutta belirlendi\u011fini vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 da hat\u0131rlatarak; g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri ile ilgili yasal d\u00fczenlemeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeleri ile uyumlu oldu\u011fumuzu rahat\u00e7a s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. ABD ve Avrupa\u2019da kullan\u0131m\u0131 yasak olan katk\u0131 maddelerinin \u00fclkemizde kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yasal oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131 ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-9\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-9\">E kodlar\u0131 nedir?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-9\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>\u201cG\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri g\u00fcvenli midir? Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fczerine olumsuz etkileri olabilir mi?\u201d sorusunun alt\u0131nda anlat\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemle g\u00fcvenli kullan\u0131lma ko\u015fullar\u0131 belirlenen g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri uluslararas\u0131 olarak onaylanmakta ve E kodu verilmektedir. E kodu hem katk\u0131n\u0131n onayl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermekte, hem de uluslararas\u0131 ticarette ayn\u0131 teknik dilin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. E harfi \u0130ngilizce olarak Avrupa kelimesinin (Europe) ba\u015f harfinden gelmektedir.\u00a0 Bir katk\u0131 maddesinin\u00a0E kodu ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131, bu katk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve onayland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-10\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-10\">Tuz, baharat, \u00e7e\u015fni gibi aroma ve lezzet verici maddeler neden E numaras\u0131na sahip de\u011fil?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-10\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>Tuz, baharat, \u00e7e\u015fni verici soslar, s\u00fct tozu vb g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi de\u011fil, g\u0131dan\u0131n temel bile\u015fenidir. Katk\u0131 maddesi olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in de e numaralar\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-11\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-11\">T\u00fcm g\u0131dalar g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi i\u00e7erir mi? <span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-11\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>Hay\u0131r i\u00e7ermezler. Bir g\u0131dada bir katk\u0131 maddesinin kullan\u0131m\u0131n onaylanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ilave olarak bir dizi kural ve ilke vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bir g\u0131dada bir katk\u0131 maddesinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u00a0g\u00fcvenli olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Teknolojik uygulama veya t\u00fcketici beklentisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gerekli olmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>G\u0131dada var olan bir kusuru maskelemek amac\u0131 ile kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 ve g\u0131dan\u0131n sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere sahipmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6stererek t\u00fcketicinin yan\u0131lt\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7mamas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu ilkeler dikkate al\u0131narak; katk\u0131 maddesi kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve renklendirici kullan\u0131m\u0131 olmayan \u00fcr\u00fcn gruplar\u0131 belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-12\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-12\">G\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi kullan\u0131m\u0131 yasak olan \u00fcr\u00fcnler nelerdir? <span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-12\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00fcr\u00fcn gruplar\u0131nda g\u0131da mevzuat\u0131 gere\u011fi g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi kullan\u0131m\u0131 yasakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130\u015flenmemi\u015f g\u0131dalar<\/li>\n<li>Bal<\/li>\n<li>Em\u00fclsifiye edilmemi\u015f kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131 ya\u011flar (\u00d6rn: Zeytinya\u011f\u0131, ay\u00e7i\u00e7ek ya\u011f\u0131, kuyruk ya\u011f\u0131 vb. em\u00fclsifiye edilmemi\u015f ya\u011flard\u0131r. Margarin em\u00fclsifiye edilmi\u015f ya\u011flara \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir.)<\/li>\n<li>Tereya\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Sade past\u00f6rize ve sterilize s\u00fct, sade past\u00f6rize krema ve kaymak. (Aromaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde bu yasak ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir)<\/li>\n<li>Fermantasyondan sonra \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem g\u00f6rmemi\u015f sade s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnleri (Sade yo\u011furt ve kefir gibi). (Aromaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde bu yasak ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir)<\/li>\n<li>Sade, sterilize edilmemi\u015f yay\u0131kalt\u0131 (Aromaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde bu yasak ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir)<\/li>\n<li>Sade kahve ve kahve ekstraktlar\u0131 (Aromaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde bu yasak ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir)<\/li>\n<li>Sade yaprak \u00e7ay (Aromaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde bu yasak ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir)<\/li>\n<li>\u015eeker<\/li>\n<li>Kuru makarna (Glutensiz hari\u00e7)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-13\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-13\">Renklendirici kullan\u0131m\u0131 yasak olan \u00fcr\u00fcn gruplar\u0131 nelerdir? <span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-13\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00fcr\u00fcn gruplar\u0131nda g\u0131da mevzuat\u0131 gere\u011fi renklendirici kullan\u0131m\u0131 yasakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130\u015flenmemi\u015f g\u0131dalar<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7ikolatal\u0131 s\u00fct<\/li>\n<li>Bal<\/li>\n<li>Bitkisel ve hayvansal kaynakl\u0131 kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131 ya\u011flar<\/li>\n<li>Koyun ve ke\u00e7i tereya\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Sade past\u00f6rize ve sterilize s\u00fct (Aromaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde bu yasak ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir)<\/li>\n<li>FSade fermente s\u00fct (Sade yo\u011furt, kefir gibi) (Aromaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde bu yasak ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir)<\/li>\n<li>Sade koyula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u00fct ve s\u00fcttozlar\u0131 (Aromaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde bu yasak ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir)<\/li>\n<li>Sade yay\u0131kalt\u0131 (Aromaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde bu yasak ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir)<\/li>\n<li>Sade krema ve krema tozu (Aromaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde bu yasak ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir)<\/li>\n<li>Sade peynir (Aromaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde bu yasak ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir)<\/li>\n<li>Yumurta ve yumurta \u00fcr\u00fcnleri<\/li>\n<li>Un ve di\u011fer \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnler ve ni\u015fastalar<\/li>\n<li>Ekmek ve benzeri \u00fcr\u00fcnler<\/li>\n<li>Makarna, mant\u0131 ve benzeri \u00fcr\u00fcnler<\/li>\n<li>\u015eeker (\u00c7ay \u015fekeri, mono ve disakkaritler)<\/li>\n<li>Sal\u00e7a, domates p\u00fcresi, biber p\u00fcresi, konserve domatesler; domates bazl\u0131 soslar<\/li>\n<li>Meyve ve sebze sular\u0131 ve nektarlar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Meyve, sebze (patates dahil) ve mantarlar \u2014 teneke ya da cam ambalajdaki veya kurutulmu\u015f; i\u015flenmi\u015f meyve, sebze (patates dahil) ve mantarlar<\/li>\n<li>Ekstra re\u00e7el, ekstra geleneksel re\u00e7el, ekstra j\u00f6le ve kestane p\u00fcresi<\/li>\n<li>Bal\u0131k, yumu\u015fak\u00e7alar (ahtapot, midye gibi) ve kabuklular (karides, yenge\u00e7 gibi), et, k\u00fcmes hayvanlar\u0131 ve av hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n etleri ve bunlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 (k\u00f6fte, d\u00f6ner gibi)<\/li>\n<li>Kakako ve kakao \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, \u00e7ikolata bile\u015fenleri<\/li>\n<li>Tuz, tuz ikameleri; baharat ve baharat kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u015earap<\/li>\n<li>Rak\u0131, votka gibi distile alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kiler<\/li>\n<li>\u015earap sirkesi<\/li>\n<li>Malt ve bira gibi malt \u00fcr\u00fcnleri<\/li>\n<li>Kahve, \u00e7ay, bitki ve meyve inf\u00fczyonlar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Corn flakes, patlam\u0131\u015f prin\u00e7 gibi tah\u0131l \u00fcr\u00fcnleri<\/li>\n<li>Bebek ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuk g\u0131dalar\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-14\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-14\">Her katk\u0131 maddesinin kullan\u0131m miktar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u0131d\u0131r?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-14\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>Hay\u0131r. Baz\u0131 katk\u0131 maddelerinin toksikolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonucunda, insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan miktar k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 getirilmesine gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. \u00d6rn: Askorbik asit (E 300) yap\u0131 olarak C vitaminini ayn\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu t\u00fcr g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerinin kullan\u0131m miktar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcreticiler belirler. Ancak burada da do\u011fru teknoloji ile beklenen etkiyi g\u00f6sterecek minimum miktarda kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-15\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-15\">Katk\u0131 maddesi kullanmamak daha m\u0131 iyidir?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-15\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>Hay\u0131r, \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re kimi g\u0131dalarda kimi katk\u0131 maddelerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 teknolojik bir gerekliliktir.<br \/>\nYasalarla izin verilmi\u015f katk\u0131 maddeleri, izin verilen g\u0131dalarda ve izin verilen miktarlarda kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda t\u00fcketicinin yan\u0131lt\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmazlar ve mevcut bilimsel veriler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00fczerine zararl\u0131 etki g\u00f6stermezler. \u00d6rn: Sucuk yap\u0131m\u0131nda koruyucu madde olarak nitrit\/nitrat kullan\u0131m\u0131 zorunluluktur. \u00dcretim a\u015famas\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir toksin olu\u015fturan, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa zararl\u0131 bir mikroorganizma \u00fcremesi ihtimalini \u00f6nlemenin yolu bu koruyucu kullanmaktan ge\u00e7mektedir.\u00a0 Ancak yo\u011furtta her t\u00fcrl\u00fc koruyucu kullan\u0131m\u0131 yasakt\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00fcte \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem do\u011fru uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve hijyenik ko\u015fullarda \u00fcretim yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zararl\u0131 mikroorganizma \u00fcremesi beklenmez. Ayr\u0131ca yo\u011furt \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcne has mikroorganizmalar\u0131n ortamda canl\u0131 olarak bulunmas\u0131 istenmektedir.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-16\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-16\">Katk\u0131 maddelerinin \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecindeki fonksiyonlar\u0131 nelerdir?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-16\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>Katk\u0131 maddelerinin g\u0131dalara y\u00f6nelik olarak kabul edilmi\u015f ve y\u00f6netmelikle tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f 27 farkl\u0131 fonksiyonu bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 t\u00fcketicilerce de bilinen fonksiyonlard\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da en yayg\u0131n rastlanan fonksiyonlar verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Antioksidanlar: Ya\u011flar\u0131n ac\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 ve g\u0131dalardaki istenmeyen renk de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi gibi oksidasyonun neden oldu\u011fu kalite bozulmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyerek, g\u0131dalar\u0131n raf \u00f6m\u00fcrlerinin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarlar. \u00d6rn: Enginar\u0131 kararmay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in limonla ovdu\u011fumuzda, ger\u00e7ekte limonun i\u00e7indeki askorbik asidin (Yap\u0131 olarak C vitamininin ayn\u0131d\u0131r) antioksidan etkisinden yararlan\u0131r\u0131z.<\/li>\n<li>Asitler: Asitli\u011fi artt\u0131ran ve\/veya g\u0131dada ek\u015fi bir tat olu\u015fumunu sa\u011flayan maddelerdir. \u00d6rn: Sirke asidi (asetik asit), limon tuzu (sitrik asit)<\/li>\n<li>Asitlik d\u00fczenleyiciler: G\u0131dalar\u0131n asitlik veya alkalili\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftiren kontrol eden maddelerdir. \u00d6rn: Kalsiyum karbonat<\/li>\n<li>Em\u00fclgat\u00f6rler: Bir g\u0131da maddesinde, ya\u011f ve su gibi iki veya daha fazla farkl\u0131 faz\u0131n homojen bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur veya sabit tutarlar. Mayonez yap\u0131m\u0131nda yumurtadaki lesitin do\u011fal olarak em\u00fclgat\u00f6r i\u015flevi g\u00f6rmektedir. Lesitin ba\u015fka pek \u00e7ok kar\u0131\u015famaz iki faz\u0131n kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda em\u00fclgat\u00f6r olarak g\u00f6rev al\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Koruyucular: \u00a0G\u0131dalar\u0131n mikroorganizmalarla bozulmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyerek ve hastal\u0131k yap\u0131c\u0131 mikroorganizmalar\u0131n geli\u015fmelerine kar\u015f\u0131 koruyarak g\u00fcvenli olmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve raf \u00f6m\u00fcrlerinin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarlar. Sucuk yap\u0131m\u0131nda, \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir risk ta\u015f\u0131yan botulinum toksininin geli\u015fmesine engel olmak i\u00e7in koruyucu olarak nitrit\/nitrat kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Kabart\u0131c\u0131lar:\u00a0Gaz olu\u015fturarak hamurun hacmini art\u0131ran maddelerdir. Karbonat ve hamur kabartma tozlar\u0131 \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir.<\/li>\n<li>Topaklanmay\u0131 \u00f6nleyiciler: G\u0131da par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n birbirine yap\u0131\u015fma e\u011filimini azaltmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin rutubetli ortamlarda tuzun yap\u0131\u015farak ak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yitirmesi bir sorundur. Bunu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kalsiyum silikat gibi maddeler kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Renklendiriciler: G\u0131daya renk veren ve\/veya rengini kazand\u0131ran katk\u0131 maddeleridir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tatland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar: G\u0131dalara tatl\u0131 bir lezzet sa\u011flayan \u015feker d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki maddelerdir.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-17\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-17\">Katk\u0131 maddesi olarak onaylanan maddelerin ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gereken \u00f6zellikler var m\u0131d\u0131r? <span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-17\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>Evet. Bir kimyasal pek \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 alanda kullan\u0131labilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin sel\u00fcloz g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi olarak kullan\u0131labildi\u011fi gibi, ka\u011f\u0131t sanayiinde, tekstil sanayiinde, ila\u00e7 sanayiinde, boya sanayiinde kullan\u0131labilen bir maddedir. Ancak g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi olarak kullan\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in, g\u0131da safl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00f6netmeliklerde g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerinin ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gereken \u00f6zellikler \u00e7ok net olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Ancak bu ko\u015fullara uyan maddeler g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi olarak kullan\u0131labilirler.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-18\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-18\">Katk\u0131 maddelerinin g\u0131dalar\u0131n etiketinde ne \u015fekilde belirtilmesi gerekti\u011fine dair kurallar var m\u0131d\u0131r? <span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-18\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>G\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi; g\u0131dalar\u0131n etiketinde bile\u015fen listesi i\u00e7erisinde, fonksiyonu, ad\u0131 veya E numaras\u0131 ile yer al\u0131r. Bir katk\u0131 maddesinin ad\u0131n\u0131n ve E numaras\u0131n\u0131n etikette ayn\u0131 anda belirtilmesi zorunlulu\u011fu yoktur. Katk\u0131 maddesinin ad\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a fonksiyonu belli oluyorsa (Sitrik asidin asit oldu\u011funun belli olmas\u0131 gibi) o zaman etikette ayr\u0131ca fonksiyon yazmak zorunlu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-19\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-19\">Etikette yer alan \u2018katk\u0131s\u0131z\u2019 ibaresi ne demektir ve neleri kapsar?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-19\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>T\u00fcrk G\u0131da Kodeksi G\u0131da Katk\u0131 Maddeleri Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi gere\u011fince katk\u0131 maddesi kullan\u0131m\u0131na izin verilen bir g\u0131dada, bile\u015fenlerinden gelen de dahil herhangi bir katk\u0131 maddesi yoksa bu g\u0131da i\u00e7in etikette \u201ckatk\u0131s\u0131z\u201d veya \u201ckatk\u0131 maddesi i\u00e7ermez\/bulunmaz\/yoktur\/eklenmemi\u015ftir\u201d vb. ifadeler kullan\u0131labilir. Bu ifadeyi g\u00f6ren t\u00fcketiciler de; ayn\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde katk\u0131 maddesi oldu\u011funu ancak sat\u0131n ald\u0131klar\u0131 g\u0131da maddesinde bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlarlar.<\/p>\n<p>Renklendirici vb. kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilen bir g\u0131dada renklendirici kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ise; etikette \u201cRenklendirici i\u00e7ermez\u201d, koruyucu kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilen bir g\u0131dada koruyucu kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ise etikette \u201cKoruyucu i\u00e7ermez\u201d, Renklendirici ve koruyucu kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilen bir g\u0131dada renklendirici ve koruyucu kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ise etikette \u201cRenklendirici ve koruyucu i\u00e7ermez\u201d gibi ifadeler kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00f6rneklerden g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi gibi, bir kutu s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn etiketinde \u201ckatk\u0131s\u0131zd\u0131r\u201d yazamaz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc t\u00fcm kutu s\u00fctleri katk\u0131s\u0131z olarak \u00fcretilirler.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-20\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-20\">Monosodyum glutamat nedir?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-20\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>Monosodyum glutamat, E 621 numaral\u0131 g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesidir. G\u0131dalarda aroma artt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 fonksiyonu ile kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00a0Kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00fclkemiz mevzuat\u0131na, Avrupa Birli\u011fi mevzuat\u0131na ve Kodeks Alimentarius\u2019a g\u00f6re yasald\u0131r. G\u0131dada kullan\u0131m miktar\u0131; maksimum 10 gr glutamik asit\/1 kg g\u0131da olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-21\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-21\">Monosodyum glutamat sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa zararl\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-21\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>Di\u011fer t\u00fcm onaylanm\u0131\u015f katk\u0131 maddelerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, kullan\u0131m\u0131 yasal olan monosodyum glutamat da sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa zararl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Uluslararas\u0131 bilimsel kurulu\u015flar, bir katk\u0131 maddesi olarak monosodyum glutamat\u0131 &#8220;g\u00fcvenli&#8221; maddeler s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Avrupa Birli\u011fi&#8217;nde monosodyum glutamat i\u00e7in \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu t\u00fcketilmek ko\u015fuluyla bir maddenin bir g\u00fcnde sak\u0131ncas\u0131z al\u0131nabilece\u011fi g\u00fcvenli dozu belirten g\u00fcnl\u00fck kabul edilebilir d\u00fczey (Acceptable Daily Take &#8211; ADI) de\u011feri tespitine bile gerek duyulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-22\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-22\">Monosodyum glutamat nas\u0131l elde edilir?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-22\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>Aroma artt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olarak yayg\u0131n \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lan monosodyum glutamat, ni\u015fasta, m\u0131s\u0131r, \u015feker pancar\u0131, melas veya \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n fermente edilmesiyle elde edilir. MSG bir\u00e7ok g\u0131dada do\u011fal olarak bulunur. \u00d6rn: Domates, peynir gibi.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-23\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-23\">E120 Karmin nedir?<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-23\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>Karmin (Ko\u015fineal, Karminik asit) E120 numaral\u0131 g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi grubudur ve g\u0131dalara \u00a0 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renk veren bir renklendiricidir. T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli bir\u00e7ok g\u0131dada (\u015fekerler, sak\u0131zlar vb) ve em\u00fclsiye et \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde( sosis ve salam) kullan\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. G\u0131da mevzuat\u0131na uygun bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olumsuz bir etkisi bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-24\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-24\">Karminik asit nas\u0131l elde edilir? <span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-24\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>Karminik asit, di\u015fi<em> Dactylopius cocus<\/em> Costa di\u015fi b\u00f6ce\u011finin kurutulmu\u015f g\u00f6vdelerinden olu\u015fan\u00a0ko\u015fineal maddesinin sulu, sulu alkolik veya alkolik ekstraktlar\u0131ndan elde edilir.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-25\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-25\">E 330 nedir? \u0130ddia edildi\u011fi gibi, insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in en zararl\u0131 katk\u0131 maddesi midir? <span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-25\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>E 330, bilimsel ad\u0131 ile sitrik asit, halk aras\u0131ndaki ad\u0131 ile de limon tuzudur. G\u0131dalarda ek\u015fili\u011fi d\u00fczenleyen \u00f6nemli bir asitlik d\u00fczenleyicisidir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6nemli bir antioksidand\u0131r. G\u0131dalardaki kararmalar\u0131 \u00f6nler. Bu iki \u00f6zelli\u011fi nedeniyle evlerde de yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0 Sitrik asit ba\u015fta narenciyeler olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok meyvede y\u00fcksek miktarlarda bulunan bir organik asittir. Sitrik asit insan organizmas\u0131nda da gram seviyelerinde her g\u00fcn \u00fcretilir. Meyve sular\u0131 ve me\u015frubatlar ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok say\u0131da g\u0131da t\u00fcr\u00fcnde g\u0131da katk\u0131s\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130nsan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine hi\u00e7bir olumsuz etkisi saptanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan g\u00fcnl\u00fck kabul edilebilir e\u011fer (ADI) belirlenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Derne\u011fimiz web sayfas\u0131nda yer alan \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/sehir-efsaneleri\/\">\u015eehir Efsaneleri<\/a>\u201d k\u0131sm\u0131nda g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri ile ilgili as\u0131ls\u0131z iddialara y\u00f6nelik a\u00e7\u0131klamalar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-26\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-26\">Aspartam nedir? <span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-26\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>Aspartam E 951 numaral\u0131 katk\u0131 maddesidir. Tatland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu tatland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 fenil ket\u00f6n\u00fcri adl\u0131 kal\u0131tsal metabolik hastal\u0131\u011fa sahip ki\u015filerce t\u00fcketilmemesi gereken \u201cfenil alanin\u201d isimli bir madde i\u00e7erir. Proteinli g\u0131dalarda bulunan bir amino asit olan fenil alanin bu hastalardaki enzim eksikli\u011fi nedeniyle par\u00e7alanamaz ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na neden olur. Bu nedenle aspartam i\u00e7eren g\u0131dalar\u0131n etiketinde aspartam ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla fenil alanin i\u00e7edi\u011fine dair bir uyar\u0131 bulunur. Bu \u00f6zel hastalar g\u00fcnl\u00fck diyetlerinde sadece aspartam\u0131 de\u011fil, et, bal\u0131k, tavuk, yumurta, s\u00fct, peynir, yo\u011furt gibi pek \u00e7ok g\u0131day\u0131 da t\u00fcketememektedirler.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#toggle-id-27\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"   data-hoverstyle='color: #000000; ' role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"toggle-id-27\">Y\u00fcksek fruktozlu m\u0131s\u0131r \u015furubu g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi midir? Etikette E numaras\u0131 ile ifade edilmedi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. <span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"toggle-id-27\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"   >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>Y\u00fcksek fruktozlu m\u0131s\u0131r \u015furubu g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi de\u011fil, \u015fekerdir. Bu nedenle E numaras\u0131 yoktur. Web sayfam\u0131zda \u015feker ile ilgili k\u0131s\u0131mda hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1812,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[21],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1811"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1811"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1811\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3937,"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1811\/revisions\/3937"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1812"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ggd.org.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}